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Starbound iodine12/19/2023 At the time of the Napoleonic Wars, saltpetre was in great demand in France. In 1811, iodine was discovered by French chemist Bernard Courtois, who was born to a manufacturer of saltpetre (an essential component of gunpowder). It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Iodine is also used as a catalyst in the industrial production of acetic acid and some polymers. Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds, it has also found favour as a non-toxic radiocontrast material. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. Iodine is essential in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. It is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I −), iodate ( IO −ģ), and the various periodate anions. The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek Ιώδης 'violet-coloured'. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 ☌ (237 ☏), and boils to a violet gas at 184 ☌ (363 ☏). Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53.
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